What are the good and the evil according to philosophy
Psychology and ethics are closely related. The word Psychology comes from the Greek language what means soul, "psiche". Philosophy is basically a rational science and takes its current form with the studies of Freud, Jacques Lacan and Jung, these authors developed in their schools the concepts of Id, Ego and Super-ego these three refers to the teachings of Froyd and the concepts of mask and shadow of Jung.
Basically, the psychology accepts the existence of 3 major thought structures: psychosis, neurosis and perversion. These structures of the mind or thought are described as disorders, each of these structures has its own characteristics inside the psychology. It is interesting to analyze this Thesis from the point of view of ethics.
For the philosophy, good and evil are ethical solutions, that is, solutions to human behavior. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that studies good and evil. Ethics holds that there are basically two groups of people: the good and the bad, in fact the Bible sustains the difference between the spiritual man, in which the spirit dominates, or to say the love for the good; and the natural man in which the body dominates.
The current psychology works with the assumption that we are all bad, that is to say that we are all false, the disorders enumerated by the psychology describes the different ways of sin, that is to say to act with evil, in other words we would have neurotic sinners, psychotic and perverse sinners.
Let's explain this problem of ethics and psychology with an example: the parable of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10:30-37:
"A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, when he was attacked by robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead. A priest happened to be going down the same road, and when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a samaritan, as he traveled, came where the man was; and when he saw him, he took pity on him. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put the man on his own donkey brought him to an inn and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the inkeeper. "Look after him", he said, "and when I return, I will reimburse you for any extra expense you may have. Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?"
The message of this story, from philosophy, is that we have to choose between the sin as the Levite and the priest or the righteousness, that is, the golden rule: do unto others what you would like them to do unto you, like the Good samaritan.
How does the neurotic, the psychotic and the perverse behave in this context?
The neurotic passes, notices the situation but as he is selfish he passes long, now the proper thing of the neurosis is guilt, as a result the neurotic will elaborate the guilt, will somatize it, and constantly will reproach himself for have act with selfishness.
The psychotic passes long and not notice the situation, does not look, does not care.
The psychopath or perverse notes the situation passes long,and since he is a total selfish person he does not feel guilt or remorse.
In conclusion we can say that the good Samaritan does not respond to any category studied by psychology. We conclude with this analysis, that exist a large group of people, the empathic people who have not been studied. This group is what is actually known as indigo, crystal and diamond children.